Why is the ammonia/ammonium concentration highly increased during storage of human urine?
Hydrolysis of urine
Why is the ammonia/ammonium concentration highly increased during storage of human urine?
Why is the ammonia/ammonium concentration highly increased during storage of human urine?
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5 Answers
Imtiaz Wani
On storage of fresh urine without any preservative , breakdown of urea is hydrolysed by the enzyme urease of bacteria,present in urine .With decomposition of urea into ammonium and bicarbonate ions ,pH is increased. There is a strong relationship between pH and the fraction of urea decomposed into ammonia levels of urine on storage.With an increase in pH, ureolysis is found to increase and vice versa.
Certain Food , food bye products and drugs secreted in urine enhance accelerated breakdown of urea on storage into ammonia lead to increasing levels of urinary ammonia on storage.In Dehydration, urine becomes concentrated and urinary urea levels are increased , subsequently ammonia levels will see upsurge by breakdown of this urea concentrated stored urine.
In starvation, rate of urea secreted is is increased with breakdown of proteins.Urinary concentration of urea is increased with subsequent its breakdown leading increased ammonia formation in stored urine.
Presence of increased naturally occurring urease inhibitors including in cabbage extracts, onion or garlic, are inhibitors for urease, may not see increased levels of ammonia on storage of urine. Metallic compounds like boron ,sulphur, thiols, or fluoride compounds, and specific acids in urine are urease enzyme inhibitors , may show decrease of ammonia levels on storage rather than its surge.Urine infection by gram-negative bacilli,a GIT Commensals , are regarded as an urea-splitting organisms, may further lead to increase of urinary levels on its storage Urinary samples show increased decomposition of urea under storage temperatures of 60 °C and 70 °C compared with storage under ambient temperature as activity of urease forming bacteria is affected under this temperature range
Certain Food , food bye products and drugs secreted in urine enhance accelerated breakdown of urea on storage into ammonia lead to increasing levels of urinary ammonia on storage.In Dehydration, urine becomes concentrated and urinary urea levels are increased , subsequently ammonia levels will see upsurge by breakdown of this urea concentrated stored urine.
In starvation, rate of urea secreted is is increased with breakdown of proteins.Urinary concentration of urea is increased with subsequent its breakdown leading increased ammonia formation in stored urine.
Presence of increased naturally occurring urease inhibitors including in cabbage extracts, onion or garlic, are inhibitors for urease, may not see increased levels of ammonia on storage of urine. Metallic compounds like boron ,sulphur, thiols, or fluoride compounds, and specific acids in urine are urease enzyme inhibitors , may show decrease of ammonia levels on storage rather than its surge.Urine infection by gram-negative bacilli,a GIT Commensals , are regarded as an urea-splitting organisms, may further lead to increase of urinary levels on its storage Urinary samples show increased decomposition of urea under storage temperatures of 60 °C and 70 °C compared with storage under ambient temperature as activity of urease forming bacteria is affected under this temperature range
Qin
During the storage process, urease produced by bacteria will hydrolyze urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide, resulting in a significant increase in ammonia/ammonium concentration
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